So I copied my cube 0PUR_C01 and create a new one and then from the infosource to the new cube I created a new transformation. I left the default mappings and then updated 0COUNTRY to read fro 0VENDOR. Filled everything out, rule checked fine, transfered, activated, and short dump!
As I mentioned earlier in the post this was the example I used but i'm having this issue with any tranformation that contains a 'Read Master Data' rule which leads me to believe that this is a bigger issue than mapping and pulling from the right object. This seems to be a system wide error that happens regardless of the objects you're working with.
Im still open to suggestions but im going to review sap notes again and see if there is anything I can find that address this particular issue.