So we applied the note last night and our issue is gone.
Since I inserted images of the errors I figured I would include a little more info to help anyone searching in the future:
Issue: Assertiaon Failed During Activation of Transformation
Symption: The determination of the source InfoObject - to determine whether the execution of an InfoObject routine is necessary - does not always work.
Desc: A transformation containing a rule to 'Read Master Data' would cause a short dump when trying to activate transformation or test rule. The transformation displayed as active but you could not send data through.
Errors:
In BW 7.31, a dump occurs in ASSERTION_FAILED in the method FACTORY_SUB, class CL_RSTRAN_GEN_STEPGRP_MASTER
"ASSERTION_FAILED" " "
"CL_RSTRAN_GEN_STEPGRP_MASTER==CP" or "CL_RSTRAN_GEN_STEPGRP_MASTER==CM002"
"FACTORY_SUB"
Fix: Implement Note - 1816350 - 731SP8:Syntax errors in routines or Assertion failed during activation of transformation
Hopefully this will help someone find the solution a little faster than we did.